In 1971, as a young cowboy on the professional rodeo circuit, Chris LeDoux discovered another one of his passions and began writing and performing authentic, lived-in songs about his western lifestyle and the American West. With the help of his parents, he launched his own record label, American Cowboy Songs, to release his first album, the aptly titled Songs Of Rodeo Life. Eventually, the world champ’s successful rodeo career, which included a slew of regional awards and a coveted, and long sought-after, Gold Buckle for the World Bareback Title at the 1976 National Finals Rodeo, was overtaken by an even more successful music career as LeDoux traded the thrill of riding broncs for the thrill of life on the road and performing his songs to thousands of adoring fans.
By the end of the 1980s, despite multiple offers to sign to a label, LeDoux had self-released 22 albums with sales of more than a quarter of a million copies. That same year, following a name check by rising country star Garth Brooks, in which he sang, “A worn out tape of Chris LeDoux, lonely women and bad booze/Seem to be the only friends I’ve left at all,” in his first top 10 country hit, “Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old),” LeDoux received recognition and a degree of fame well outside the rodeo world. He rode the newfound popularity like one of his prized ponies and signed with Capitol Records subsidiary Liberty and in 1991 released his major label debut, Western Underground. LeDoux would release another 18 albums for the labels, with sales of more than six million around the world, before succumbing to a rare form of cancer in 2005 at just 56 years old.
In celebration of the 50th anniversary of Chris LeDoux’s debut album, Capitol Nashville/UMe and the Chris LeDoux Estate will release a new 13-song collection on July 2 titled Wyoming Cowboy – A Collection, compiling some of his best-known songs with a handful of rarities and other studio and live gems. The compilation, assembled by LeDoux’s longtime friend and guitar player Mark Sissel, will be released digitally for streaming and download as well as on vinyl, marking the first time many of these songs, which were released in the CD era, will be available on vinyl. Two rare tracks – “Oklahoma Hospitality,” self-released in 1978 on a UK-only album and never released in the U.S., and “Album Intro,” from an equally long out-of-print 1975 record, will receive their digital debuts.
Pre-order Wyoming Cowboy – A Collection now: https://ChrisLeDoux.lnk.to/WyomingCowboy
Cheyenne Frontier Days™, the world’s largest outdoor rodeo and western celebration, held in Cheyenne, Wyo., will celebrate LeDoux’s life and legacy at their 125th annual festival, which is dedicated to the legendary entertainer and rodeo world champ. The 10-day event will feature a sold-out, opening night performance by Garth Brooks and Ned LeDoux on July 23. The festivities will kick off earlier that day with the unveiling of a bronze statue of LeDoux, which will be added to the sculpture collection on Frontier Park to honor his ties to the rodeo and music worlds and his place in Cheyenne Frontier Days™ history where he rode bucking horses and graced the stage with his band, Western Underground. Designed by artist D. Michael Thomas, who also created a similar sculpture of LeDoux for the Chris LeDoux Memorial Park in his hometown Kaycee, Wyo., the life and a half size bronze statue depicts LeDoux riding his horse Stormy Weather to the 1976 World Bareback Riding Championship, along with a guitar that sits atop an arrow shaped base representing CFD’s logo.
Serving as both a gift to longtime fans and an introduction to those unfamiliar with LeDoux’s music, which he called a combination of “western soul, sagebrush blues, cowboy folk and rodeo rock ‘n’ roll,” Wyoming Cowboy brings together some of the country star’s most popular songs like “County Fair,” “Cadillac Cowboy” and the epic “This Cowboy’s Hat” from Western Underground, his first major label album released on Liberty Records in 1991 along with “Western Skies,” “Look At You Girl,” “Hooked On An 8-Second Ride” and his top 10 country hit with Garth Brooks, “Whatcha Gonna Do With A Cowboy,” from his 1992 gold-selling album of the same name.
The album also includes LeDoux’s rollicking duet with Charlie Daniels, “Even Cowboys Like A Little Rock And Roll,” from 1993’s Under This Old Hat and originally released in a different incarnation on his 1984 album, Melodies and Memories. In addition to the aforementioned rarities, “Oklahoma Hospitality” and “Album Intro,” Wyoming Cowboy also boasts a special posthumous collaboration between LeDoux and his son Ned with the song “We Ain’t Got It All.” Sung and performed by Ned, the song was co-written by him and Nashville producer and songwriter Mac McAnally using some of LeDoux’s songwriting notes, resulting in a true father and son co-write. With a remarkably similar singing voice and delivery, the song traverses much of the same subject matter that endeared the elder LeDoux to so many and that Ned proudly carries the torch for. The album ends with a thrilling live version of fan favorite “Little Long Haired Outlaw” from 1997’s Live, perfectly capturing the pyrotechnic-filled, rodeo rock and roll shows he loved to play.
“My dad’s catalog of music is timeless and includes so many great records and I love each one of em,” says Ned LeDoux. “This new collection honors the 50th anniversary of when he first started making music and is a nice snapshot of who he was and the subject matter he loved writing about – cowboys, rodeo life, true love and staying positive.”
WYOMING COWBOY – A COLLECTION TRACK LISTING
Side A
Side B
CHEYENNE, WY – Today Cheyenne Frontier Days™ (CFD) announced the 2021 Frontier Nights® entertainment series. The Professional Bull Riders (PBR) will return with its exclusive Last Cowboy Standing series and the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) Rodeo will return to the arena in 2021.
Tickets will go on sale Thursday, April 15 at 9 a.m. MDT at www.cfdrodeo.com, and by calling (307) 778-7222. The Cheyenne Frontier Days Ticket Office will not be open for in-person sales at this time.
The entertainers announced and added to the 2021 lineup are Garth Brooks with Ned LeDoux; Cody Johnson with Aaron Watson; Maren Morris with TBA; and Kane Brown with Restless Road. Blake Shelton with John King; Eric Church with Ashley McBryde; and Thomas Rhett with Rhett Akins were rescheduled from 2020.
“We are so glad to be sharing this lineup for 2021 tonight,” Contract Acts Chairman Randy Krafft said. “It has been a long year for all of us and we can’t wait to welcome our fans back to Frontier Park.”
The 125th Cheyenne Frontier Days™ celebration is dedicated to the legendary Chris LeDoux. We are proud to honor Chris LeDoux and his ties to the rodeo and music worlds and his place in Cheyenne Frontier Days™ history. A bronze statue will be added to the sculpture collection on Frontier Park and a dedication will take place on July 23.
Additionally, the 125th annual “Daddy of ‘em All®” will feature nine days of PRCA professional rodeo that will culminate in Championship Sunday where champions are crowned and legends are made.
For two nights, the Top-40 stars of the PBR will return to attempt to conquer the sport’s rankest bulls on the historic Wyoming Dirt at Cheyenne Frontier Days, strapping in for their shot to make the buzzer. A rider must stay on his bull for 8 seconds to advance. If he gets bucked off, he is out of the competition. The grueling match between Man and Beast continues until one prevails and is crowned the Last Cowboy Standing.
There will be hundreds of vendors, a full carnival, artists, food and music that celebrate the history and culture of the American West.
Concert ticket prices range from $49 – $94, rooftop starts at $150. Daily rodeo tickets range from $18 – $35. A $3 discount is offered on rodeo tickets and $5 discount on concert tickets purchased before July 1. PBR tickets range from $25 – $105 with special Elite Seating and V.I.P. tickets also available at various prices.
Fans can upgrade to a Frontier Nights® Fast Pass for early admission to the Party Zone, a voucher for best-available same-day rodeo tickets and a souvenir rodeo program. For a full events schedule and profiles of musical acts, go to www.cfdrodeo.com.
All tickets for all performances will go on-sale Thursday, April 15 at 9 a.m. MDT
2021 Cheyenne Frontier Days™ Entertainment Schedule
July 23: Garth Brooks with Ned LeDoux
July 24: Thomas Rhett with Rhett Akins
July 25: Cody Johnson with Aaron Watson
July 26-27: Professional Bull Riders – Last Cowboy Standing
July 28: Maren Morris with TBA
July 29: Eric Church with Ashley McBryde
July 30: Kane Brown with Restless Road
July 31: Blake Shelton with John King
July 24–Aug. 1: PRCA Rodeo Action
The Cheyenne Frontier Days™ Old West Museum and KFBC radio have teamed up to present A Christmas Carol, performed and produced by Cheyenne talent.
Originally, we hoped for an in-person fundraiser using the Museum’s new sound system to broadcast this radio drama, to bring much-needed income and support to the Museum after such a difficult year, as well as provide a light for our community during the holidays. However, in the interest of public safety, we have decided we cannot go forward with an in-person event. We are delighted to partner with KFBC to bring this event into people’s homes.
We have received word from friends, family, and service men and women around the world that they will be live streaming the show. So, you’ll be joining a community including Germany, Turkey, Thailand, Japan and even Greeley!
While we are offering this program to the public, we are selling 30-second ads and supporter mentions where we can celebrate your support of the CFD Old West Museum. If you are interested in supporting this program, please contact Jean Krause at jean.krause@oldwestmuseum.org or (307) 778-7202 by Friday, December 18, 2020.
Join us on KFBC on December 23 at 6 p.m., and gather your family around the radio to enjoy this special production of A Christmas Carol.
Quick Facts:
WHAT: Frontier Fun Food Festival
WHEN: Sept. 3-4 & 6-7 from noon-10 p.m., and Sept. 5 from 10 a.m.-10 p.m.
WHERE: Carnival Midway Area of Frontier Park
VIEW MENU HERE
Cheyenne Frontier Days™ (CFD) has a brand-new food concessionaire with an emphasis on customer service, product quality, cleanliness, speed of service and most of all, a focus on fun! Fun Biz Concessions was selected to provide food for the Daddy of ‘em All® starting in 2020.
Concessionaires Nate and Stephanie Janousek of Fun Biz Concessions, Inc. were set to provide an all-new food experience on Frontier Park until the 2020 edition of the Daddy of ‘em All® was cancelled. Now there will be sampling of menu items to preview the food experience for 2021 on Frontier Park over the upcoming holiday weekend.
“For a preview of what’s to come next July,” Nate said, “join us on Labor Day Weekend to engage in the adventure of trying some of the most cutting edge and delicious food products in the entire amusement industry.”
Select food items will be offered in the Carnival Midway Area (west side) of Frontier Park on Sept. 3-4 & 6-7 from noon-10 p.m., and Sept. 5 from 10 a.m.-10 p.m. Cash and credit cards as well as Apple, Google and Samsung Pay will be accepted.
Janousek continued, “We are excited to meet community members, leaders and future CFD patrons as we seek to build relationships that we intend to cultivate for a lifetime by being transparent, forward thinking, community oriented and authentic. We look forward to meeting folks from the Cheyenne community and beyond as we welcome them to our food experience and celebrate a love of food and Cheyenne Frontier Days™. We are so looking forward to beginning this journey with you all and cannot wait to give a small preview over the days leading to Labor Day.”
CHEYENNE – Fire up the barbecue and plan to party on your patio this Fourth of July!
Cheyenne Frontier Days™ has partnered with ANB Bank, Union, Cheyenne Beverage, Cowboy Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram, First Interstate Bank, Swire Coca-Cola and Black Hills Energy to host the annual fireworks display for the City of Cheyenne.
The 2020 fireworks show is designed to maximize aerial displays for visibility from locations all over Cheyenne. Frontier Park will not be open as viewing locations this year, so plan to enjoy the show from your own neighborhood or other open, flat areas.
The Wyoming Department of Transportation and the Laramie County School District have offered their parking lots for those who wish to view the fireworks. Carey Avenue will be closed and Lions Park will be open to foot traffic only.
Tune in to local radio station KFBC at 1240 AM and 97.5 FM to hear the patriotic broadcast accompanying the fireworks display.
We know entertainment options are limited this year, and we would like for you to enjoy a bright spot with an evening of aerial entertainment. We are pleased to be able to offer the fireworks show and accompanying music where it can be enjoyed from your own backyard, porch, patio, or wherever you choose to watch this great Cheyenne tradition.
The fireworks display will begin at 9:35 p.m.
For more details please go to cfdrodeo.co/July4th
F.E. Warren Air Force Base will be hosting the Wings Over Warren Airshow on July 22, 2020.
Headlined by the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, the show will also include demonstrations from the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II demonstration teams and appearances by the B-1 Lancer, B-2 Spirit, C-130 Hercules and B-52 Stratofortress.
“This year’s airshow is not only an opportunity to highlight United States Air Force airpower and the capabilities of all our military services, but to say ‘thank you’ to our neighbors in Cheyenne and throughout Wyoming,” Col. Peter Bonetti, 90th Missile Wing commander said. “The community has always provided incredible support for F.E. Warren’s mission and our Airmen.”
For more information on the airshow and access to base, please visit warren.af.mil or the F.E. Warren Facebook Page.
For any questions regarding this release, please contact the 90th Missile Wing Public Affairs Office at (307) 773-3381.
The 39th Annual Western Spirit Art Show & Sale opens on March 7, 2020. This show features over 400 original pieces of Western art from artists all over the country.
The Art Show kicks off with an opening reception the evening of March 7. Museum members will be admitted at 5:00 pm for a member-only preview and Buy-it-Now, where all pieces, including the popular miniatures, can be purchased at a 25% premium before the sale opens to the ticketed public at 6:00 pm. 35% of each piece of artwork sold and opening night reception ticket directly benefit the Museum.
Opening night festivities feature a Silent Auction Quick Draw, where four artists create an original piece of art from scratch that and can be bid on during the duration of the Quick Draw. Other components include live entertainment, and complimentary full bar, and heavy hors d’oeuvres.
New to Western Spirit is the Western Art for Non-Profit Partners Program. This initiative provides buyers a new way to purchase art, support the Museum, and give to other local non-profits. Buyers may select art from wish-lists provided at registration to buy and donate to our partner organizations. These wish-lists have been carefully curated by our partner organizations to fit their missions.
For more information about the show, please call 307-778-7289 or visit us online at www.westernspiritartshow.org.
Quick Facts:
What: 39th Annual Western Spirit Art Show & Sale Opening Reception
Where: CFD Old West Museum – 4610 Carey Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001
When: Opening Reception: March 7, 2020; Exhibit Runs to April 19, 2020
Time: 5:00pm for members, 6:00pm for ticketed public.
Cost: $45 for Museum Members, $55 for Non-Members, $65 at the door
How: Tickets to the Opening Reception can be purchased by calling 307-778-7290 or visiting https://westernspiritartshow.org/
Contact: Cameron Green, cameron.green@oldwestmuseum.org, 307-778-7289
Frontier Nights® lineup announced from WNFR in Las Vegas
CHEYENNE, WY – December 5, 2019: In an announcement made from the Mirage Hotel in Las Vegas, Cheyenne Frontier Days™ (CFD) announced all but two of the nights for the 2020 Frontier Nights® entertainment series. The Professional Bull Riders (PBR) will return with its exclusive Last Cowboy Standing series and the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) Rodeo will return to the arena in 2020.
Tickets will go on sale Friday, December 13 at 9 a.m. MST at www.cfdrodeo.com, the Cheyenne Frontier Days™ Ticket Office and by calling (307) 778-7222.
Performers announced were Cody Johnson with Aaron Watson, Trace Adkins, Thomas Rhett with Hardy, Eric Church with Ashley Mc Bryde and Blake Shelton with John King.
“We are thrilled with the lineup so far for 2020,” Contract Acts Chairman Randy Krafft said. “We are still working on our remaining shows and will announce them as we get them signed.”
For two nights, the Top-40 stars of the PBR will return to attempt to conquer the sport’s rankest bulls on the historic Wyoming Dirt at Cheyenne Frontier Days, strapping in for their shot to make the buzzer. A rider must stay on his bull for 8 seconds to have the opportunity to advance. If he gets bucked off, he is out of the competition. The grueling match between Man and Beast continues until one prevails and is crowned the Last Cowboy Standing.
Additionally, the 124th annual “Daddy of ‘em All®” will feature nine days of PRCA professional rodeo that will culminate in Championship Sunday where champions are crowned and legends are made.
There will be hundreds of vendors, a full carnival, artists, food and music that celebrate the history and culture of the American West.
Concert ticket prices range from $39 to $89, with daily rodeo tickets costing $18 to $35. A $3 discount is offered on rodeo tickets and $5 discount on concert tickets purchased before July 1. PBR tickets range from $22 – $102 with special Elite Seating and V.I.P. tickets also available at various prices.
Fans can upgrade to a Frontier Nights® Fast Pass for early admission to the Party Zone, a voucher for best-available same-day rodeo tickets and a souvenir rodeo program. For a full events schedule and profiles of musical acts, go to www.cfdrodeo.com.
All tickets for all performances will go on-sale December 13 at 9 a.m. MST.
2020 Cheyenne Frontier Days™ Entertainment Schedule
July 17: Cody Johnson with Aaron Watson
July 18: TBA
July 19: Trace Adkins
July 20-21: Professional Bull Riders – Last Cowboy Standing
July 22: Thomas Rhett with Hardy
July 23: TBA
July 24: Eric Church with Ashley McBryde
July 25: Blake Shelton with John King
July 18 – 26: PRCA Rodeo action
CHEYENNE, Wyo. – When the PBR (Professional Bull Riders) bucks back into Cheyenne, Wyoming for Last Cowboy Standing July 20-21, fans will see one of the marquee stops on the elite series tour as the world’s top bull riding athletes take on the rankest bucking bulls in the business at the premier celebration of cowboy life and Western entertainment.
The 2020 summer season Major, a higher-profile regular-season event offering more world standings points and prize money, is the second year of partnership between the leading bull riding league and world’s largest outdoor rodeo.
For two nights, the Top-40 bull riders in the world will attempt to conquer the sport’s rankest bulls on the historic Wyoming dirt in Cheyenne, strapping in for their shot to make the buzzer and gain crucial world points.
The 10-day iconic Cheyenne Frontier Days festival features the world’s largest outdoor rodeo, concerts by top name entertainers, dining, shopping, educational exhibits, Native American Indian performances, a Western Art show, U.S.A.F. Thunderbirds performance, pancake breakfasts, parades that feature antique carriages and Western pageantry galore.
In 2019, fans attending the inaugural PBR Last Cowboy Standing stop in Cheyenne saw some of the season’s best bull riding capped by an epic win for a fiery athlete from Arkansas with an incredible comeback story. Just one-year prior Chase Outlaw suffered what some considered a career-ending blow when he was pulled down on a bull named War Cloud in the very same arena.
Breaking 30 bones in his face, requiring emergency surgery to insert 11 plates and 68 screws, Outlaw was advised by some to find another profession. Determined to prove them wrong and continue his quest for his first world title he turned in a monster performance in 2019’s Round 2 – a remarkable 93.5-point ride aboard Smooth Wreck – earning him the high marked ride of the year and helping carry him into the final three rounds. Outlaw’s other qualified ride came in Round 4 when he rode Rising Sun for 90.5 points. The 27-year-old came off before the 8 in Round 3 on Budakon and in Round 5 atop Cochise.
As the two nights of passionate bull riding under the lights came to a close, he stood in the historic arena with tears streaming down his face claiming the title of 2019 Last Cowboy Standing.
Riders just like Outlaw from around the world will descend upon the “Daddy of ‘em all” to vie for the 2020 title.
The bull riding action begins at 7:45 p.m. on Monday, July 20 and 7:45 p.m. on Tuesday, July 21. Tickets for the two-day event go on sale Saturday, Nov. 9. They range in price from $22 to $102 and can be purchased through www.cfdrodeo.com, at PBR.com or by calling PBR customer service at 1-800-732-1727.
PBR Elite Seats are available for avid bull riding fans who want a behind-the-scenes look at the world’s top bull riding circuit. These tickets offer premium seats and the VIP experience of a lifetime, including a reception; pre-show backstage and chute tour by a PBR Stock Contractor, a question and answer presentation with some of the top bull riders in the world, special meet and greets and a visit with the sport’s bovine athletes; a 2020 PBR program; and the opportunity for photos and autographs from top PBR stars and the coveted trophy.
The PBR Elite Seats are available for $300 both nights and can be purchased through www.cfdrodeo.com or by contacting the PBR Customer Service Department at 800-732-1727.
About PBR
PBR is the world’s premier bull riding organization. More than 700 bull riders compete in more than 200 events annually across the televised PBR Unleash The Beast Tour (UTB), which features the top 35 bull riders in the world; the PBR Pendleton Whisky Velocity Tour (PWVT); the PBR Touring Pro Division (TPD); and the PBR’s international circuits in Australia, Brazil, Canada and Mexico. PBR’s digital assets include RidePass, which is home to Western sports. PBR is a subsidiary of Endeavor, a global entertainment, sports and content company. For more information, visit PBR.com, or follow on Facebook at Facebook.com/PBR, Twitter at Twitter.com/PBR, and YouTube at YouTube.com/PBR.
For More Information, Please Contact:
Mandi McCary / mandi@mmgnv.com
CHEYENNE, Wyo. (July 28, 2019) – For the past 123 years, the spirit of the West has been the centerpiece of Cheyenne Frontier Days (CFD).
This year’s edition of the 10-day celebration embraced that same spirit while seeing new opportunities designed to enhance the fan experience. The most notable addition to Frontier Park is the Cheyenne Frontier Days Event Center at the southwest corner of the arena.
Constructed in less than a year, the multipurpose building is being used for offices, meeting rooms and has a special viewing area for sponsors and VIPs as well as a ticketed rooftop area. The building will be available year-round. It was well utilized for Cheyenne Frontier Days and will be a centerpiece in the master plan for future growth.
This year’s rodeo had 1,550 contestants competing for over $1 million in prize money with the addition of women’s breakaway roping and a tournament-style format. In 2018, there were 1,350 competitors with prize money at $845,788
At the Championship Finals on Sunday, 13,432 fans witnessed history when local favorite Brody Cress won the saddle bronc riding for the third time. Sunday’s attendance saw an increase of 1,000 tickets over 2018. Cress, from Hillsdale, is the first man to win three consecutive titles since the rodeo started in 1897. When he rides here again next year, he will be trying to beat his own record and join the legendary list of saddle bronc riders who have won here four times.
Action in the arena on Frontier Park started with a Wild West Show on July 19 with events that reflected rodeo’s history including women’s ranch bronc riding. Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association and Women’s Professional Rodeo Association action as well as the CFD Invitational Breakaway Roping started with qualification rounds July 12. The first full rodeo performance was held July 20.
The highest attended rodeo was on Saturday, July 27 at 14,215. All rodeo performances were broadcast on the Cowboy Channel. The Wrangler Network streamed the semifinals and finals, bringing the rodeo to a worldwide audience.
Professional Bull Riders (PBR) hosted their Last Cowboy Standing competition on July 22-23 as part of Frontier Nights. The last bull rider standing on Tuesday night was Chase Outlaw who had been seriously injured one year ago. It was one of the best night show crowds since Frontier Days added bull riding with 9,863 in attendance. The events were broadcast on PBR’s Ride Pass and CBS Sports.
Many of the activities during CFD are centered around animals. An estimated 6,000 make their way through the rodeo arena, parades and at the bull riding. Comprehensive reports showed 140 of those animals examined, 55 of them required treatment and all but two were expected to make a full recovery.
Rodeo attendance through nine performances was 97,373 slightly less than in 2018 but still higher than 2017. The night show featuring Post Malone boasted a capacity crowd of 22,500 and was the fastest selling concert in CFD history. Night show attendance was up at 120,518 and increase from 2018. Total attendance for the 123rd celebration was slightly higher than in 2018.
A partnership with Colorado State University’s (CSU) Equine Clinical Services program provided comprehensive care for the third year. The CSU Equine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation veterinarians provided care similar to athletic trainers for contestants. Onsite services included digital radiographs, ultrasound, acupuncture, chiropractic care and shock wave therapy. The Justin Sportsmedicine Team was on site and along with local medical personnel provided over 400 treatments.
Other numbers were in line with previous years. Four parades were estimated to have over 90,000 visitors. Three pancake breakfasts saw 22,713 meals served and 50,998 visited the Indian Village.
Military Monday continues to be popular. All branches of the military were honored with active personnel and veterans receiving free admission. The U.S. Navy Parachute Team, the Leapfrogs, thrilled rodeo and night show fans by jumping into the arena at Frontier Park and the USAF Thunderbirds are always a big hit. The Thunderbirds also performed over F.E. Warren Airforce Base with approximately 19,500 people in attendance.
“This was a year of great change,” said Jimmy Dean Siler, General Chairman of Cheyenne Frontier Days. “I want to thank our volunteers, sponsors, rodeo contestants and most of all our loyal fans. We are looking forward to 2020.”